Nanoreactors for green catalysis

• M. Teresa De Martino,
• Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen,
• Floris P. J. T. Rutjes and
• Jan C. M. van Hest

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 716–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.61

• ) was encapsulated in the lumen of the polymersomes or in the Pickering emulsion water droplet. The esterification reaction of 1-hexanol and hexanoic acid was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of the CalB-loaded Pickering emulsions. Higher enzymatic activity was observed when CalB was

• representation of a Pickering emulsion with the enzyme in the water phase (i), or with the enzyme inside the polymersome lumen (ii). 3b) Chart of the specific activities of CalB dissolved in the water phase of the polymersome Pickering emulsion (left), CalB in a biphasic water/toluene system (middle,) and CalB

• encapsulated in the lumen of the polymersome Pickering emulsion (right). Adapted with permission from [79]. Cross-linked polymersomes with Cu(OTf)2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from [15]. Schematic representation of enzymatic polymerization in polymersomes. (A) CALB in the aqueous compartment (B) CALB

Heterogeneous Pd catalysts as emulsifiers in Pickering emulsions for integrated multistep synthesis in flow chemistry

• Katharina Hiebler,
• Georg J. Lichtenegger,
• Manuel C. Maier,
• Eun Sung Park,
• Renie Gonzales-Groom,
• Bernard P. Binks and
• Heidrun Gruber-Woelfler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 648–658, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.52

• interfacial area for reaction, the ultrastability of emulsion drops during reaction and easy recovery of the catalyst particles and products as emulsions may be rendered unstable subsequently. A mini-review of the area of Pickering emulsion interfacial catalysis appeared in 2015 [30]. In this work an outlook

• reduction of catalyst particles As mentioned before, the as synthesised catalyst particles have particle diameters in the range of 10–100 µm. Since the stabilisation of micron-sized Pickering emulsion droplets requires particle sizes <1 μm, a decrease of particle size was necessary. For that purpose, a

Preparation of Pickering emulsions through interfacial adsorption by soft cyclodextrin nanogels

• Shintaro Kawano,
• Toshiyuki Kida,
• Mitsuru Akashi,
• Hirofumi Sato,
• Motohiro Shizuma and
• Daisuke Ono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2355–2364, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.257

• nanogels with 120 nm diameter by an increase in the concentration of CD nanogel from 0.01 to 0.1 wt %. The CD nanogel has a surface-active property at the air–water interface, which reduces the surface tension of water. The CD nanogel works as an effective Pickering emulsion stabilizer even at a low

• concentration (0.1 wt %), forming stable oil-in-water emulsions through interfacial adsorption by the CD nanogels. Conclusion: Soft CD nanogel particles adsorb at the oil–water interface with an effective coverage by forming a strong interconnected network and form a stable Pickering emulsion. The adsorption

• of β-CD with select oil solvents and the interfacial tension at the oil–water interface [13]. Mathapa et al. described the effect of the particle size formed with the CD–oil complex on the stability of the Pickering emulsion [14]. They also reported that “CD colloidosomes” composed of the CD–oil

Flow synthesis of phenylserine using threonine aldolase immobilized on Eupergit support

• Jagdish D. Tibhe,
• Hui Fu,
• Timothy Noël,
• Qi Wang,
• Jan Meuldijk and
• Volker Hessel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2168–2179, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.254

• difficulty of enzyme recovery. Recently, Wang et al. have shown that the activity and recyclability of the CalB enzyme can be enhanced by the use of a polymersome Pickering emulsion. As such, a biphasic system could be used by loading the enzyme in the aqueous phase and organic reagents in the polymersome [3